Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a distinctive proficiency to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has prompted extensive research in various fields, including biomedical imaging, treatment, and optoelectronics. However, the probable toxicity of UCNPs poses substantial concerns that demand thorou

Lead sulfide quantum dots (QDs) represent a fascinating class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties due to their unique size-dependent band gap. These QDs exhibit tunable absorption and emission spectra in the visible region, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications. Recent review delves into the diverse face

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